The present work addresses the debate about the origins of one particular nation of Europe – the modern Bulgarians, who preserved their ethnic name for more than 1500 years, this fact placing them in the list of ancient nations like Armenians, Georgians, Greeks, Jews and many others. The origin of Bulgarians is not a superfluous issue for non-Bulgarians – their long history is entwined with that of many other peoples, some of which disappeared and others – endured. It is a solid and important question why mighty ancient peoples like the Avars and the Khazars, who had their vast empires and power, disappeared politically and culturally, their identities diminished and disappeared, where the very similar in many ways ancient Bulgarians endured, changed, adapted and did so in a very challenging areas, exposed to intensive migrations and changes.